Different Parts of a Sword: Basic Sword Anatomy

A sword is more than just a blade - it’s a carefully engineered combination of parts designed for balance, durability, and function. Whether you’re a collector, martial artist, or simply fascinated by historical weaponry, understanding the parts of a sword helps you appreciate its craftsmanship and purpose.

In this guide, we’ll break down the anatomy of a sword and sword parts from tip to pommel, explaining the role of each section and how design variations appear in Viking, medieval, and katana styles. By the end, you’ll know exactly what makes a sword both an art form and a functional tool.

Why Understanding Sword Anatomy Matters?

Knowing the anatomy of a sword goes far beyond trivia - it connects you directly to centuries of craftsmanship, battlefield strategy, and cultural heritage. In historical contexts, every part of a sword was deliberately designed for a specific role, whether delivering a precise thrust, deflecting a blow, or maintaining balance in combat.

From a modern perspective, understanding sword anatomy helps collectors and martial artists choose the right replica, maintain it properly, and identify quality workmanship. It also enhances appreciation for authentic designs - whether examining a Viking blade, a medieval longsword, or a katana - where form and function blend seamlessly.

Know More: Different Types of Swords 

Main Parts of a Sword (All Sword Parts)

A sword can be divided into two main sections—the blade and the hilt—each made up of smaller, specialized components that determine the weapon’s performance and handling. 

1. The Blade

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• Tip / Point – The very end of the blade, designed for thrusting or piercing targets.
• Edge / Cutting Edge – The sharpened side used for slicing and slashing.
• Spine / Back – The unsharpened, opposite side of the edge, providing structural strength.
• Fuller – A groove running along part of the blade to reduce weight without sacrificing strength.
• Ricasso – The flat, unsharpened section near the hilt, useful for controlled grip or precision handling.
  

2. The Hilt (Handle Section)

The hilt is the part of the sword designed for gripping, control, and balance. It’s as important as the blade in determining how the sword handles during use.

What is the Handle of a Sword Called?

Grip – The gripped part of a sword, also called the handle of a sword, where the wielder holds the weapon. Often wrapped in leather, cord, or fitted wooden scales to provide comfort and prevent slipping. 

• Guard / Crossguard – Positioned between the blade and the grip, this feature protects the hand from incoming strikes and helps control an opponent’s blade. 
  
• Pommel – The weighted end cap of the hilt, acting as a counterbalance to the blade for better handling. In some designs, it doubles as a striking surface. 
  

3. The Scabbard & Accessories

Scabbard / Sheath

The protective case that holds the blade when not in use, preventing accidental injury and protecting the sword’s edge from damage. Historically crafted from wood, leather, or metal, often lined with soft material to avoid scratching the blade. 

Belt Fittings & Suspension Systems

In historical swords, these were designed to attach the scabbard securely to a warrior’s belt or baldric, allowing for quick drawing while ensuring the weapon stayed in place during movement or battle.

Also read: Ancient Egyptian Iconic - Khopesh Sword

Variations in Sword Anatomy by Culture

1. Viking Sword 

Known for its broad double-edged blade, short straight crossguard, and heavy lobed or disc pommel for balance and striking. Many collectors today seek the best Viking sword replica to experience its historic weight and feel.

2. Katana 

What are all the parts of a katana?

The iconic Japanese sword features a curved single-edged blade, a tsuba (guard) for hand protection, and a tsuka (handle) traditionally wrapped in ray skin and cord. 

3. Rapier 

Favored in Renaissance Europe for dueling, this slender thrusting sword has a complex basket-style guard to protect the entire hand, paired with a long, narrow blade for precision strikes.

Where to Buy Authentic Sword Replicas?

When investing in a sword - whether for display, reenactment, or martial arts practice construction quality matters most. Look for features like full tang (where the blade runs through the handle for strength), high-grade carbon or stainless steel for durability, and precise balance for handling comfort.

FWOSI offers a curated collection of Viking and historical sword replicas crafted with attention to historical accuracy and modern performance. From the best Viking sword replica to elegant katana reproductions, each piece is built for authenticity and longevity.

 👉 Find Your Perfect Swords at FWOSI

Other Sword Parts from Around the World

Beyond the commonly known sword groups, many cultures developed unique sword designs adapted to local combat styles, materials, and traditions. These variations highlight how sword anatomy evolved differently across regions while still sharing core functional elements.

For example, the Turkish kilij features a flared tip called a yelman, designed to deliver powerful cutting force. The Indian pata integrates a gauntlet-style grip that protects the hand while allowing thrust-based attacks. Meanwhile, the Persian shamshir is known for its deeply curved blade and pistol-style pommel, which enhances control during slashing motions.

These regional adaptations show how the parts of a sword can change in form while maintaining balance, usability, and combat efficiency.

1. Pommel (The Counterbalance of a Sword)

The pommel is the knob-like end of the sword located at the base of the handle. Its primary role is to counterbalance the blade, improving control, balance, and maneuverability.

In traditional sword construction, the pommel is secured either by peening, where the tang extends through the pommel and is hammered flat, or by threading the tang and tightening it with a nut. While sometimes mistakenly called a 'pummel,' the correct term is pommel, an essential component of proper sword anatomy.

2. Tang (The Sword’s Structural Core)

The tang is the portion of the blade that extends into the handle. It is one of the most critical sword parts, as it determines the weapon’s overall strength and durability.

A functional, battle-ready sword has a full tang, meaning it is a continuous extension of the blade itself, not a welded or separate piece. Proper tang construction ensures the sword can withstand impact and repeated use without failure.

3. Grip (The Gripped Part of a Sword)

The grip is the gripped part of a sword, and it answers a common question: what is the handle part of a sword called? The correct term is simply the grip.

Grips have been made from wood, metal, leather, wire, and modern synthetic materials. Traditionally, wooden grips were wrapped in leather or wire for better traction. On Japanese swords, the grip is wooden, covered with ray skin, and tightly wrapped with silk or cotton cord to ensure a secure hold.

The grip’s shape and texture directly affect comfort, control, and safety during use.

4. Guard (Hand Protection Between Blade and Grip)

The guard sits between the blade and the grip and protects the wielder’s hand from an opponent’s blade. Guard designs vary widely depending on culture and combat style.

Some swords feature simple straight crossguards, while others include knuckle bows or fully enclosed basket hilts that shield the entire hand. Regardless of design, the guard plays a key role in both defense and control within overall sword anatomy.

5. Quillon (The Arms of a Crossguard)

A quillon refers to either arm of a crossguard. These horizontal extensions help block incoming strikes and can also be used offensively for trapping or controlling an opponent’s blade.

6. Hilt (The Complete Handle Assembly)

The hilt is the complete handle assembly of a sword and includes the pommel, grip, and guard. Together, these components form the primary control system of the weapon.

Hilts vary dramatically across history, from the simple wooden hilts of Roman swords to the elaborate swept hilts of Renaissance rapiers, demonstrating both functional and artistic evolution in sword parts.

7. Furniture (Collective Term for Hilt Components)

Furniture is a general term used to describe all the individual components that make up the hilt. This includes the pommel, grip, guard, and any decorative fittings attached to them.

8. Blade (The Functional Core of the Sword)

The blade is the portion of the sword that extends from the hilt and performs the cutting or thrusting action. While most people associate swords with sharp edges, not all blades are designed to cut.

For example, katanas and sabers cut primarily on one edge, many European swords are double-edged, and rapiers are optimized for thrusting with stiff, narrow blades rather than slicing. Historically, blades were made from steel, bronze, copper, and even organic materials like sawfish rostrums.

9. Ricasso (The Base of the Blade)

The ricasso is the unsharpened section of the blade closest to the guard. It often provides a safe gripping point for certain techniques and may feature the maker’s mark or country of origin.

This section helps transition strength from the hilt to the blade and contributes to overall balance.

10. Fuller (The Blade Groove)

The fuller is a groove running lengthwise along the blade. Its purpose is to reduce weight while maintaining structural strength, especially on longer swords.

Despite popular myths, the fuller does not allow blood to flow; it simply improves handling by lightening the blade.

11. Point (The Tip of the Sword)

The point is the very end of the blade and is crucial for thrusting attacks. Swords like the rapier are specifically designed with reinforced points, making them highly effective for precise penetration.

Conclusion

Understanding the different parts of a sword is essential for collectors, martial artists, and history enthusiasts. From the sharp point to the weighted pommel, each component has a specific function that reflects centuries of craftsmanship and battlefield evolution. 

If you’re ready to own a piece of history, explore FWOSI collection of authentic sword replicas built for accuracy, durability, and beauty.

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FAQs on Parts of a Sword 

What is a hand guard on a sword called?

It’s called a guard or crossguard, designed to protect your hand from an opponent’s blade.

What do you call the thing that holds a sword?

A scabbard or sheath, often made from leather or wood, is used to safely store a sword.

What do you call the grippy part of a sword?

The grip, part of the hilt, is where the sword is held. It’s often wrapped in leather, wood, or cord.

What is the ball at the end of a sword called?

That’s the pommel, which balances the sword and can also be used as a striking weapon.

What is a sword without a guard called?

Some blades, like certain sabers or knives, are made without guards for lighter handling or specific fighting styles.