Longsword: Types and History Explained

The longsword stands as one of history’s most enduring symbols of strength, honor, and artistry. From the battlefields of medieval Europe to the displays of modern collectors, its legacy continues to fascinate sword enthusiasts and historians alike. Known for its long, double-edged blade and versatile handling, the longsword was the weapon of knights, duelists, and noble warriors for centuries.

In this guide, you’ll explore the history and evolution of the longsword,  how it emerged in the Middle Ages, the craftsmanship behind its forging, and the different types that defined various eras. You’ll also discover why this timeless blade remains a favorite among collectors today, and how FWOSI’s hand-forged replicas preserve the precision, balance, and artistry that made the longsword legendary.

What Is a Longsword? (Definition & Quick Overview)

A longsword is a double-edged, straight-bladed weapon designed for both cutting and thrusting, making it one of the most versatile swords of the medieval era. Typically used with two hands, the longsword balanced reach, speed, and precision - ideal for both armored combat and dueling.

The average longsword blade length ranges from 33 to 45 inches (85–115 cm), with a total length often exceeding 47 inches when including the hilt. This design allowed for extended reach without sacrificing maneuverability, distinguishing it from shorter arming swords.

Unlike one-handed medieval swords, which were lighter and used with shields, the European longsword featured a longer grip that could accommodate two hands - earning it the nickname ‘hand-and-a-half sword’ or ‘bastard sword.’ This versatility made it a preferred weapon for knights and skilled swordsmen throughout the Middle Ages.

The Origins and Evolution of the Longsword

The longsword evolved during the late Middle Ages, emerging as an advancement of the earlier medieval arming sword. As armor became stronger and battle tactics more refined, warriors needed a weapon with both reach and precision, a sword capable of thrusting through chainmail while retaining the power of a heavy cut. This evolution led to the rise of the historical longsword, a symbol of mastery and skill on the battlefield.

During the height of chivalric combat and dueling traditions, the longsword became the weapon of knights and nobles. It was celebrated not only for its practicality but also as a representation of courage, discipline, and personal honor. Swordsmanship schools across Europe refined the art of longsword fighting, creating techniques that balanced offense and defense in fluid, powerful movements.

The craftsmanship behind the Middle Ages longsword improved dramatically as metallurgy advanced. Blacksmiths began using high-carbon steel and controlled heat treatment to produce blades that were both strong and flexible, a breakthrough that allowed for more consistent edge retention and superior handling.

Beyond the battlefield, the longsword grew into a symbol of knightly heritage and cultural pride. Today, it endures as a timeless expression of artistry and history, reminding us how innovation and tradition shaped one of the most iconic medieval swords ever made.

5 Types of Longswords (FWOSI Historical Picks)

The longsword took on many forms across medieval Europe — each reflecting a different era, fighting style, and regional craftsmanship. FWOSI’s collection of hand-forged longswords captures this diversity with historical accuracy and collector-grade detail, allowing enthusiasts to own authentic pieces inspired by centuries of swordmaking tradition.

1. The Sentinel Longsword — The Watcher’s Blade

Elegant, balanced, and inspired by the knightly swords of the 14th century, this design represents the golden age of chivalry. The Sentinel Longsword combines reach and precision, ideal for both collectors and practitioners of historical European martial arts.

2. The Warrior’s Falchion — The Single-Edged Long Sword

A rare hybrid between a longsword and a falchion, this blade was favored by foot soldiers for its heavier striking edge and curved profile. It merges elegance with functionality, making it a standout among types of medieval swords.

3. Narsil Sword (Andúril Replica Bastard Sword)

A legendary bastard sword known for its long grip and commanding presence, the Narsil/Andúril Replica embodies the spirit of mythic craftsmanship. With its refined proportions and detailed hilt, it symbolizes both fantasy and medieval artistry.

4. Viking Battle Sword

Representing early Scandinavian longswords, this carbon steel masterpiece captures the power and heritage of Viking craftsmanship. Its minimalist design and clean lines make it a perfect bridge between ancient strength and modern artistry.

5. Hand-Forged Master Sword

Compact yet powerful, the Hand-Forged Master Sword showcases the precision of modern smithing while staying true to historical design. Its balance and durability make it ideal for collectors who appreciate both form and function.

How Were Longswords Made?

The creation of a longsword was as much an art as it was a science. In medieval times, skilled blacksmiths spent days , sometimes weeks, hand-forging each blade with remarkable precision. Using high-carbon steel, they heated and hammered raw metal repeatedly to achieve the perfect blend of hardness and flexibility, ensuring that every historical longsword could withstand the rigors of combat without breaking.

One of the most distinctive design elements of the European longsword is its crossguard, protecting the wielder’s hand during parries. The fuller, a narrow groove along the blade’s center, reduced weight without sacrificing strength , often mistaken for a 'blood groove,' it was actually a structural feature that improved balance. The pommel, located at the hilt’s end, acted as a counterweight, allowing smoother, faster swings in battle.

While ancient smiths relied on charcoal forges and hand tools, modern craftsmen at FWOSI continue the tradition with improved metallurgy and temperature control. Each sword is hand-forged, heat-treated, and polished by artisans, preserving the soul of medieval craftsmanship while ensuring modern-grade precision and durability.

Know more: How Long is Guts Sword?

Collecting Longswords Today

For many enthusiasts, owning a longsword is more than collecting a weapon, it’s preserving a piece of history. These blades represent centuries of craftsmanship, culture, and artistry, making them prized possessions for historians and sword lovers alike.

Modern collectors often choose between functional longswords, hand-forged and battle-ready and decorative replicas designed for display. Both serve as tributes to medieval skill, but authentic, historical longswords carry unique value for their accuracy and handmade quality.

Before buying, it’s important to review local ownership laws and follow proper care practices such as oiling, safe display, and controlled humidity. As interest in medieval craftsmanship grows, so does the demand for authentic longswords for sale, especially from trusted makers like FWOSI, known for blending historical precision with modern artistry.

Shop Authentic Hand-Forged Swords

Why Choose FWOSI for Authentic Longswords?

When deciding where to buy a longsword, authenticity and craftsmanship make all the difference and that’s exactly what FWOSI delivers. Each piece is hand-forged by expert bladesmiths, ensuring historical accuracy, balance, and unmatched attention to detail.

FWOSI’s artisans use traditional forging techniques paired with modern precision to recreate the quality of genuine medieval swords. Every blade undergoes careful heat treatment, polishing, and inspection to guarantee durability and historical realism, the kind collectors and enthusiasts truly value.

Find out more: Different Parts of a Sword

Conclusion

The longsword is more than a relic of the past, it’s a symbol of artistry, balance, and mastery that defined centuries of European warfare and craftsmanship. From the battlefields of the Middle Ages to today’s collectors’ displays, the longsword continues to embody the spirit of discipline, heritage, and strength.

Each hand-forged blade carries a story, one of innovation, tradition, and enduring beauty. Whether admired for its historical importance or precision engineering, the European longsword stands as a timeless example of human skill and creativity.

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FAQs on Longswords

What is the difference between a longsword and a greatsword?

A longsword is generally lighter and more versatile, designed for two-handed use with balanced reach and control. A greatsword is much larger and heavier, built for sweeping battlefield strikes rather than agile dueling.

Why is it called a bastard sword?

The term 'bastard sword' refers to its 'hand-and-a-half' design - usable with one or two hands. It bridges the gap between a single-handed arming sword and a heavier greatsword, giving the wielder flexibility in combat.

Can you buy a real longsword?

Yes. Collectors can legally purchase real, hand-forged longswords from trusted brands like FWOSI, which offers authentic, full-tang steel blades built using traditional forging methods.

What is better, a longsword or a broadsword?

Both have unique strengths. A longsword offers more reach and precision for thrusting and cutting, while a broadsword is broader and optimized for heavy strikes. The best choice depends on personal preference and intended use.

Is a Claymore a longsword?

A Claymore is a distinct type of Scottish greatsword, larger than the typical longsword. While they share similarities, the Claymore’s size and regional origin set it apart.

Is a katana a longsword or a greatsword?

A katana is neither a longsword nor a greatsword but a traditional Japanese curved sword. It differs in design and combat style, emphasizing slicing precision over the thrusting versatility of European longswords.